Zero Tolerance And Its Contribution On The School And...

Zero Tolerance and its Contribution to the School-to-Prison Pipeline A trend has developed in our society in recent decades. This concerning trend shows that African American youth are finding their way into the criminal justice system at a much higher rate than their peers. This trend starts in schools where students as young as fifth graders are being suspended from school for minor issues. Police officers are being used more and more to handle situations in the schools rather than teachers. Does this kind of discipline really help students of color or does it have the opposite effect? When taken out of school for disciplinary reasons, African American student’s behaviors do not improve but criminal activity is more likely. School†¦show more content†¦The literature agrees that these policies are not helping and are too extreme in response to student’s behaviors. According to Heitzeg (2009), The GFSA mandates that all schools that receive federal funding must 1) have policies to expel for a calendar year any student who bring s a firearm to school or to school zone, and 2) report that student to local law enforcement (pp. 8-9). The zero tolerance policy are too extreme Zero tolerance started as a way to keep guns out of schools until the staff at school started to use it as a way to report and punish non serious offences (Heitzeg, 2009). It use to be that only violent students that brought weapons such as guns were kicked out of school but as time went on, it become easy for schools to remove students for minor offences. It is easier to send students home and let their parents deal with them rather than spend valuable time and resources to try to solve the issues at hand. However, the impact of sending them home is that the students are frightened and shamed for just being kids. According to Bush (2014), an Ohio fifth grader was recently suspended from his elementary school for three days because he pointed his finger â€Å"in the shape of a gun† and pulled an imaginary trigger while playing with his friends; the later from the principal to the parents cited his finger as a â€Å"level 2 lookalike firearm† (as cited in Wilson,. 2014, p. 50). Such action on the kid’s part is widely accepted in otherShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of School Policies And Analysis Strategies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"During the last twenty years, schools across the nation have dropped their values for suspending and expelling students. The subsequent trends in punitive policy enforcement are conspicuous in a great number of states. â€Å"The national number of suspensions has increased from approximately 1.7 million in 1974 to more than 3.3 million in 2006. More recently, during the 2009–2010 school year, a reported 3,081,240.55 children were susp ended at least once. With reference to expulsions nationally, in 2006Read MoreThe School to Prison Pipeline2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students The School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students Kimberly N. Wright Western Governors University Introduction Your permanent record! The thing that was held over most of our heads when we were in school. Your teacher or maybe your parents threatened that your bad behavior was going to end up on your â€Å"permanent record† and ruin your life. We shrugged them off, thoughtRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 Pagesthat funnels millions of students from school into the juvenile justice system (Robinson, 2013). This dilemma, known as the school-to-prison pipeline is garnering much attention in Virginia due to the states continued issues in overcoming the phenomenon. This study explores zero tolerance policies and school discipline to better understand its effect in to bring awareness to an issue that may help in dismantling this pipeline. Particularly looking at those school divisions within Virginia that haveRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Black Students1542 Words   |  7 PagesFor decades there has been research conducted on the racial disproportion of black student’s suspension in schools compared to white students (Skiba et al., 2000; Skiba et al., 2002; Wald and Losen, 2003; Welsh and Payne, 2010; Kinsler, 2011; Wright et al., 2014). Recently, the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (2014) study revealed that black students were three times more likely to be suspend and 3.5 times more likely than their white peers to be expelled. In the studies conductedRead MoreThe Alarming Rate Of Juvenile Incarceration Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment places some of these children in prisons, including adult prisons, leavin g them to fend for themselves. What is even more disturbing, is the institution that was created to provide students with an education, guidance and future is one of the leading causes of child incarceration besides poverty. This institution is school and this process is also known as the school-to-prison-pipeline. And for those children who do find themselves in prison, there is no help, no opportunities or properRead MoreThe Psychological Identity Of Black Children During The Historic Brown Vs. The Board Of Education Of Topeka1871 Words   |  8 PagesColumbia University where he would become the first black man to earn a Ph.D. in psychology (Kennedy, 2015). While at Columbia University, he was associated with Gunnar Myrdal, a Swedish economist known for both his study of race relations and his contributions to desegregation in the United States (Larson, 2014). Both Clarks are tied to the Civil Rights Movement and their work is aligned with the social reconstructionist curriculu m ideology of the time period. Both Clarks define the ideal of what W.ERead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesoccupational groups and industries will require more educated workers in the coming years. The number of jobs requiring advanced knowledge is expected to grow at a much more rapid rate than the nu mber of other jobs. This growth means that people without high school diplomas or appropriate college degrees increasingly will be at a disadvantage, as their employment opportunities are confined to the lowest-paying service jobs. In short, there is a growing gap between the knowledge and skills required by many jobsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespursuit of increased efï ¬ ciency. †¢ Identify the principles of administration and organization that underlie effective organizations. †¢ Trace the changes in theories about how managers should behave to motivate and control employees. †¢ Explain the contributions of management science to the efï ¬ cient use of organizational resources. †¢ Explain why the study of the external environment and its impact on an organization has become a central issue in management thought. 18 Jones−George: ContemporaryRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagescourts have held that organizations have the right to monitor employees’ email. Such monitoring can have disastrous effects on employee morale, however. On the other hand, it might provide legitimate information about group members’ individual contributions and productivity. b. To what extent should management monitor which Web sites employees visit? Students are likely to argue whether or not this should be done. One potential benefit that could be argued is the likelihood that if employees are

Black People Were The Victims Of Many Tragedies Essay

For centuries, black people were the victims of many tragedies in American history. One of the most memorable misfortunes that this racial group faced was during the times of slavery. Slavery is the practice of labelling human beings as property so they have restricted liberty and are forced into working hard labor for the owners. Many blacks were forced or born into slavery, where they have been deprived of their power and suffered from long hours of work and physical attacks from their owners. Even though this race had been put down consistently, it did not stop certain blacks from rising up to fight the unjustified system. Born in 1822 in Dorchester County, Maryland, Harriet Tubman grew up to be one of the most memorable historical figures in the nation. In her early life, she was the daughter of enslaved parents and forced to work on the plantations. However, Tubman eventually escaped to her freedom in 1849. Even though she ran away from her life as a slave, she came back as lead ing abolitionist. Tubman’s actions contributed to the freedom of the slaves. Tubman was a symbol of bravery and independence to many slaves. Throughout her early life, Tubman faced the many common hardships of slavery, being severely abused by her owner and his family. She was inflicted several permanent scars and physical injuries from the beatings and lashes she received growing up. One of her most painful injuries was given as punishment when she did not halt a runaway slave. Because of herShow MoreRelatedI Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King1662 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were created, respectively. Both highlighted a momentous moment in the advancement of racial equality. Equality was established for the newly emancipated slaves. Over the last 150 years, America has been slowly advancing toward racial equality. With the election of Barack Obama in 2008, another historic change had come about. The first black male was elected president. Despite these advancements in racial equality, many Americans still remain stau nch racistsRead MoreGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 Pagessince I declared my political science major at The Ohio State University, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedentRead MoreThe Black Death : The Bubonic Plague Of The Thirteen Thousands Swept Through Europe Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Hurst Dr. Reedy College English 13 October 2016 The Black Death The bubonic plague of the thirteen hundreds swept through Europe, claiming the lives of one-third of its population in merely three years. This was the most horrific epidemic the world has seen to date. Poor sanitation practices, improper burial of corpses, and insufficient systems for waste removal were important factors in allowing the plague to manifest (Byrne 31). Infected fleas and rats, brought by trade ships and theRead More Fire in a Canebrake Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifics about the [four black] lynching victims . . . but specifics [to him] didn’t matter because the victims were now symbols of injustice: a NAACP cause† (78). Especially given the long-past, over-60-years-old nature of the lynching, Wexler’s goal, and therefore also her writing, must more profound, and compelling, than this, and therefore she, unlike White, is interested in the specifics: â€Å"Roger and Dorothy Malcolm, and George and Mae Murray [the lynching victims] . . . I have tried to bringRead MoreVincent Chin and Post-9/11 Victims: Travesty of Justice1514 Words   |  6 PagesVincent Chin and Post-9/11 Victims: Travesty of Justice and What Should We Do about It America is a country of immigrants, as a popular saying goes. But the history of America is also full of intolerance and hatred for immigrants who have otherwise constituted an integral part of the American society. When it comes to minority groups in America, different standards apply to public consciousness and the law. Many Americans sometimes see members of minority groups as less than human. The intoleranceRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 Pagescan be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated markets. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may use other tools as weapon including pencil, knife, and aRead MoreRaci al Discrimination And Discrimination1728 Words   |  7 Pages2). For decades there have been many instances where African Americans have been beaten and gunned down by police officers for wrong reasons, such as race and discrimination. Many of these cases have been unjustified and the officers have not been given any consequences for their actions. However, these trends did not begin in the 20th century this has been going on for as long as slavery and the civil rights movements. The goal of these officials is to make the black man feel inferior to their powerRead MoreMedia Coverage of Homicides Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesgender† (Lundman, 2003, 357)? Or as Lundman (2003) further asked, was it simply the â€Å"rare and uncommon homicides† that were deemed newsworthy by the media (357). Bennett (2011) felt that one of the biggest problems with bias in the American media was its â€Å"overwhelming tendency to downplay the big social, economic, or political picture in favor of the human trials, tragedies, and triumphs (177).† Shaiko (2008) alluded to the fact that the American news media is â€Å"accountable to the corporate conglomerates†Read MoreThe Characteristics Of A Tragedy In The Crucible By Arthur Miller990 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes a tragedy a tragedy? According to Aristotle, specific criteria exist to define a well-written tragedy, and The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a quality example. In Poetics, Aristotle explains the standards to evaluate works of various authors and describes tragedy as â€Å"an imitation of an action that is complete, and whole, and of a certain magnitude† (VII). Tragedies must include a protagonist, referred to as the tragic hero, that encounters a complication and experiences a series of recognitionsRead MoreThe Problem Of Police Brutality1646 Words   |  7 Pagesto protect the community they’re assigned to work in, from any illegal activity that occurs. However, there are officers who believe they are above the law. Police brutality has been a political oppression that has been occurring more many years. There’s been many cases of excessive force towards innocent civilians by an officer that has sparked a national outrage. Stephan Lendman of Media with Conscience said in his article regarding the matter that â€Å"Police brutality occurs multiple times daily

The Chinese Economy, Culture Society Free Essays

string(28) " not be regarded as proper\." The social values and history have shaped and formed the economical developments and the current environment of business in the People’s Republic of China. They have determined the patterns for negotiation and the Chinese perceptions of business, and their feelings towards westerners. The implicit and explicit rules that the Chinese society has on the development of businesses, and the economy in general, are very important issues for any person going into China to understand and consider. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese Economy, Culture Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to achieve a successful partnership between Chinese and Western cultures it is essential to have a basic understanding of history and cultural developments that have shaped the current environment of business. The three pillars of China are economy, culture, and society. The Chinese economy has been formed as a result of centuries of history and development, which reflect the philosophy of China and its current economical position. China started as a mainly agricultural based society with the subsistence group; the family. For more than 2000 years the Chinese economy operated under a type of feudal system; land was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small group of landowners whose income depended on rents from their peasant tenants. Agricultural taxes levied by the imperial government and crop yields subject to drought and floods kept agriculture relatively underdeveloped and organized in small units with the use of primitive methods for basic subsistence. The conclusion of the Opium War of 1840 formally initiated a period of Western penetration of China from the coastal treaty ports. Railroads and highways were constructed, and some industrial development began. Such activity had little impact, however, on the overall Chinese economy. In effect, China was carved up into a number of competing colonial spheres of influence. Japan, which tried to attach China to its East Asia prosperity Sphere, was able to create only isolated nodes of a modern economy. The Chinese Communist party emerged in the 1920s in the midst of a mounting economic crisis caused by foreign intervention and increased landlord influence in the countryside. For more than two decades, it expanded its control over large rural areas by introducing an agrarian program based on the control of rent and usury, and by giving power to peasant associations. On October 1, 1949, the Communist party successfully established a unified national government and economy on the mainland for the first time since the end of the imperial period in 1912. From 1949 to 1952 the emphasis was on halting inflation and ending food shortages and unemployment. The new government initiated a land reform program that redistributed land to 300 million poor peasants into cooperative farms. In 1958 the rural people’s communes were established, and these dominated agriculture in China until the early 1980s. The commune was based on the collective ownership of all land and major tools by its members, who produced mainly to meet state planning targets and who were rewarded according to the work they performed, although basic necessities were guaranteed to all members. In the urban-industrial sector, state ownership of property and of industrial and commercial enterprises was gradually extended. Industry grew steadily from heavy investment under the first five-year plan, and the state-owned sector achieved an overwhelming importance. The second five-year plan was introduced in 1958, trying to get China ahead into industrialization. This program was characterized by large investments in heavy industry and the establishment of small-scale versions of such industries as steel refining. The program, however, caused great disruptions in economic management and in rational economic growth, and in 1960 the program had to be abandoned. The Chinese economy then entered a period of readjustment, but by 1965 production in many fields again approached the level of the late 1950s. The third five-year plan began in 1966, but both agricultural and industrial production were severely curtailed by the effects of the Cultural Revolution; a fourth five-year plan was introduced in 1971 as the economy began its recovery. After eliminating the vestiges of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, China’s leaders decided to move at a faster pace on all economic fronts to make up for the loss suffered in the preceding ten years. A fifth five-year program began in 1976 but was interrupted in 1978, when the Four-Modernization program was launched. It included the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology. A ten-year plan for 1976-85 stressed improvement in economic management and a larger role for private and collectively owned (as opposed to state-owned) enterprises. This program was superseded by a more modest ten-year plan for 1981-90, but efforts to attract Western technology and investment continued, as did a program of incentives to increase agricultural production. Policies introduced in October 1984 called for further decentralization of economic planning and for increased reliance on market forces to determine the prices of consumer goods. China has potential to be the biggest market of the world with 1.3 billion people. Furthermore, it posses billions of unexplored resources and the biggest and cheapest labor force in Asia. The size and underdevelopment make it a potential monster that has created interest in every investing and developing country in the world. The Chinese economy is an increasing economic possibility for anyone. Chinese culture and society can be divided into two major periods, Imperial China and Communist China. The modern Chinese society can be defined as a combination of centuries of values and communist propaganda achievements. The imperial China had a strong class system where 90% of the people were poor and possessed limited resources to develop culturally, socially and personally. This situation led to the strength of the large family and the basis for the distinctive collectivism of China. The well being of the family and the state are the main goals for any action in society. If actions taken do not contribute to the family or the society as a whole, then the actions will not be regarded as proper. You read "The Chinese Economy, Culture Society" in category "Essay examples" Eliminating almost any form of individualistic thinking. The Chinese Family is the main economic unit of society. The development of the Chinese economy is based on the family. The Chinese family is the economic unit in which members produce and consume in common. Also, it is the religious unit responsible for the performing of rites required for the well being of the family. The social security of the Chinese family relies on the effective performance and interaction between religion and family. These concepts strongly clash with western individualism collection of wealth for personal gain. A clear example of this is the overseas Chinese control family-run business empires that already dominate much of Asia. They invest billions in China, helping their ancestral homeland become the world’s fastest-growing economy. Together, China and its approximately 56 million offshore Chinese are the most important commercial and political forces for China and reflect, again the family based economic strategy that they follow. In addition to the traditional imperial Chinese society, the Communist values shape and blend into modern Chinese philosophy. One of the early acts of the Chinese Communist party after it gained control in 1949 was to officially eliminate organized religion. Previously the dominant religions in China had been Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Most temples and schools of these four religions were converted to secular purposes. Only with the constitution of 1978 was official support again given for the allowance of formal religion in China. The constitution also stated that the Chinese population had the right to hold religious beliefs. Moreover, China has a long and rich cultural tradition in which education has played a major role. Throughout the imperial period (221 BC-AD 1912), only the educated have held positions of social and political leadership. In 124 BC the first university was established for training prospective bureaucrats in Confucian learning and the Chinese classics. Historically, however, few Chinese have been able to take the time to learn the complex language and it’s associated literature. It is estimated that as late as 1949 only 20% of China’s population was literate. To the Chinese Communists, this illiteracy was a stumbling block for the promotion of their political programs. Therefore, the Communists combined political propaganda with educational development. Chinese education has been strongly affected by the communism in China. Since education was for the rich and privileged during imperial age of China. One of the most ambitious programs of the Communist party has been the establishment of universal public education for their large population. In the first two years of the new government (1949-51) more than 60 million peasants enrolled in â€Å"winter schools,† or sessions, established to take advantage of the slack season for agricultural workers. Mao declared that a dominant goal of education was to reduce the sense of class distinction. This was to be accomplished by reducing the social gaps between manual and mental labor, between the city and countryside residents and between the worker in the factory and the peasant on the land. After long periods of breaks and changes in policies colleges reopened in 1970-72. Admission was granted to many candidates because of their political leanings, party activities, and peer-group support. This method of selection ceased in 1977, as the Chinese launched their new campaign for the Four Modernizations. The governments stated goals for rapid modernization in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology required high levels of training. Such educational programs by necessity had to be based on theoretical and formal skills more than on political attitudes and the spirit of revolution. After the revolution every thing changed in China. The stability of social values and structure where the highest achievement for the Chinese philosophy. These values where already deep in the Chinese culture; however, they were strengthened with communism and used into the development of China. The Chinese society had become a combination of strong family and moral values and a country thriving for modernization and industrialization. This concept of stability as the highest achievement obstructed the development of China in the past, and still creates problems today. The sole concept of risks disturbs the grounds of Chinese culture in contrast to western society where risk is the main drive for development and investment. The radical change from imperialism and strong class differences to the equality philosophy implemented by Mao Tse Tung created the modern China. Its development from feudalism to communism created a conservative China, with very few attempts to move towards capitalism. It was through the imperial years that mercantilism and trade took place, yet it never flourished, as the capitalistic model westerners know, until China’s re-opening to the western world in the 70’s. China has always had the elements for development. In fact, they could very well have had an industrial revolution before England. China possessed many key elements that transformed Europe into a modernized industrial economy (compass, printing, gunpowder, etc). Nevertheless, there is much more to China than just industrial and economical development. Thus, when considering developing a business in China one should always consider the cultural factors that makes the Chinese society so strong and differentiating it from western societies. The fact that China wants to grow, does not mean that it will do it with the western models and philosophy, rather it will be with models developed from their own culture. This is the point that can be attributed to cause most of the problems between Chinese and Western cultures, and the point to be accepted in order to be successful in developing a successful business relationship in China. Negotiating in China can be very frustrating. Differences in decision making styles and negotiating tactics cause misunderstanding and tension. Chinese culture is based on the importance of rituals and ceremonies and so is Chinese business. Business meetings are as important as the dealings during receptions. To exemplify the process of dealing with China in order to develop a productive relationship we will use the case of Kentucky Fried Chicken in China. This case includes the different problems and strategies used in the negotiation and development of business in China, specifically in setting up a foreign joint venture. However, the problems that arise and the current working environment of the Chinese economy cannot be understood without first understanding the history and the cultural revolutions that have shaped it. This brief outline of the history of China leads insight into some of the problems and the resolutions that a manager for KFC experienced during his venture with the Chinese. In 1986, Tony Wang was Vice President of the Southeast Asia division of KFC. He had an opportunity of bringing the world’s largest chicken restaurant company into the world’s largest populated country. Wang was an experienced entrepreneur and had been working for KFC for seven years. No other fast food companies were currently operating in the People’s Republic, so Wang did not have anything to go by and had nothing to help him evaluate the attractiveness of the Chinese market. The main downsides of operating in China were huge demands on managerial resources and the low prospects of significant hard currency repatriation. The first decision that Wang was faced with was where to open the location of the first KFC. Obviously there were differences from city to city but a reliable way to evaluate these differences did not exist. Wang was interested in the enormous potential of the Chinese market, but he knew that many other companies had failed in similar ventures. Ta-Tung, (Tony) Wang was born in the Sichuan province in the People’s Republic of China in 1944. He moved to Taiwan when he was young and graduated from the Chong-Yuan University with a degree in engineering. He later moved to the United States, and in 1973 completed a masters degree in management science from the Steven’s Institute of Technology in New Jearsey. He then attended New York University where, in 1975, he received his post-master’s certificate in international business management. Wang joined KFC in 1975 at the headquarters in Louisville. Wang was convinced of the large potential for American-style fast food in China. He attended a lecture by the mayor of Tianjin (the third largest city in China), who spoke of the many opportunities for investment in his city. Wang was asked by the mayor to sit on a council to advise on improving the fast food industry in Tianjin. KFC was currently owned by R.J. Reynolds, who was very interested in getting into the Chinese market to sell their cigarettes. American smokes were in high demand in China. Wang had the support of top management. He spoke perfect Mandarin and English and was as comfortable working in New York as he was Beijing. He also had experience negotiating with the Chinese. As Tony Wang investigated more and more into the necessary requirements his concerns began to grow. He knew that Chinese workers would have problems working under the KFC guidelines, and time-consuming, expensive training programs would be a necessary requirement. As well large capital outlays would be needed to find and negotiate a partnership, to sign a lease and gain operating permits. Wang began to thoroughly research the Chinese market. The first item that he began to look at was location. The reason that this was so important was because the location would have dramatic impact on the profitability, future expansion to the rest of China, and the managerial resources commitments. Four cities were selected as potential locations for the first store: Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing. Tianjin – One of the major advantages of Tianjin was the established contacts that Wang had there. As well, it was only one of three municipal governments in China that were not controlled by the Central Government in Beijing. The major problem with Tianjin was it lacked a convenient supply of grain-fed chickens. Local chickens were fed using fish meal fed chickens. This presented a problem given that the Chinese place great emphasis on freshness and taste. Tianjin also was not a very popular tourist location. Wang expected most profits to be in Renminbi, but some foreign currency would be needed for profit repatriation and purchasing needed supplies, which could only be purchased outside of China. Shanghai – Shanghai has over 11 million people, and is regarded as China’s most prosperous business centre. Shanghai is home to a large variety of Western hotels, business facilities and tourists, however it also is not a very popular tourist spot, because of the pollution and loud noise. The investment could not be justified if it did not supply an adequate amount of foreign currency. Shanghai did, however, contain several feed mills and the largest poultry supplier in China. Gangzhou – Gangzhou is located in Southeast China only a short distance from Hong Kong, and is recognized for it preferential treatment for foreign investment. It has greater autonomy in approving foreign investment projects, reducing tax rates, and encouraging technological development. Many tourists visit Gangzhou because of its close proximity to Hong Kong. As well any operations could be managed directly from the existing Hong Kong operations. As well, Wang did not anticipate difficulty finding a supplier for chicken. Beijing – Beijing is the second largest city in China. It is the political and cultural centre and has relatively high levels of affluence and the education of its inhabitants. It is also the tourist centre of China, with many attractions located in and around Beijing. A Beijing location would also give a higher profile. This could be both good and bad. If they received approval from the central government, they would be able to enter the rest of the Chinese market without hassle. However, because of the higher profile, the government might decide that they would not fit in to the Chinese landscape, which would prevent them from ever succeeding. Outside of Beijing there were also numerous poultry farms. Wang knew that the location was the most important detail, and would decide whether KFC would succeed or not. There were currently no other competitors in the Chinese market, so now was the time to strike to take advantage of the situation. The risks were high, and Wang needed to weigh out these risks to estimate whether the expenses would lead to for a huge gain or a huge loss. In early February 1987, Wang decided to open operations in Beijing. This was decided because of Beijing’s high amount of tourists and its autonomous municipal government. However, he was feeling more worried about the venture. KFC signed a joint venture partnership. Wang’s worries were stemming from the difficulty he had been experiencing getting things done in a city governed by a bureaucracy that seemed impossible to either understand or work with. He felt that he would never be able to find a location in the city and government approval was required on everything. Wang was also concerned whether Chinese workers would be able to meet KFC’s demands for cleanliness, quality and service. The establishment of a joint venture was considered essential because Wang described the chinese, â€Å"completely impossible for us to understand. In fact, trying to do so is a complete waste of time.† Trying to understand investment regulations, winning approval for operating licenses, leases, and employment contracts could certainly prevent them from proceeding. A local partner was not required under Chinese law, however Wang felt it would be beneficial in setting up operations and maintaining continued viability. Through ties R.J. Reynolds had with the Ministry of Light, a partnership was formed between KFC and the Beijing Corporation of Animal Production, a Beijing city government-controlled producer of chickens. After careful inspection KFC found that this would indeed work out, as Animal Production already produced three of the approved breeds of chicken required for operations. Negotiations with the poultry producer commenced with Mr. Jue Xia, a senior manager in the Beijing corporation. Xia felt that it would not be able to meet KFC’s large demand because they did not have access to large enough reserves of grain. Xia was also hesitant about KFC’s quality standards. However, they thought that a partnership with a Western firm would be beneficial for them as they would gain international experience. Xia felt that Tony Wang was unlike most American managers; he was a man he could deal with. The Beijing Corporation helped Wang find a chicken supplier but they lacked close contact with the government agencies that would be essential to setting up operations. So a third partner was needed. Both partners agreed that the Beijing Tourist Bureau would be able to meet their requirements. The Tourist Bureau was responsible for the supervision of the construction and operation of all hotels and restaurants in Beijing. They also had a lot of experience speeding up the construction of many Western hotels, and had many times participated in a joint venture in these operations. During these negotiations it happened that KFC was sold to Pepsico. During this time KFC was the second largest fast food chain in the world. It was initially thought that Animal Production had only come on board because of pressure from the Ministry of Light Industry, who wanted to win points with Reynolds, so the acquisition came at a bad time. As it turned out, however, Pepsico’s connections with the government in Beijing were even stronger then Reynolds, so negotiations continued with a renewed interest. To convince the partners to become part of the venture, Wang offered a guarantee of five percent return on equity, much better than they could receive domestically. This sealed the deal in winning over the partners. KFC retained 60% of ownership, The Tourist Bureau received 27%, and Beijing Animal Production took 13%. This was the actual breakdown of assets that each partner was contributing to the arrangement. This deal was privately pre-approved as acceptable in negotiations with the Foreign Economic Development and City Planning Commissions. The approval of the partnership also required on the sharing of the corporation. With one-half coming from KFC and the other half split between the other two partners. The deal also stated that the chairman would be appointed by Animal Production and the vice-chairman would be appointed by the Tourist Bureau. This concerned Wang because of loss of control over operations. Wang countered by establishing the new store as a franchisee, with the franchiser being KFC’s head office in Singapore. This would require 3% royalty payments to be paid to the head office, and require the store to purchase its seasoning mixes from the head office, both using hard currency. Wang also appointed a day-to-day general manager in Beijing, who would be appointed by KFC and have control over operations. Although it seemed like all major challenges were over, they weren’t. The approval of the partnership did not give any operating authority for KFC in the city. They needed a â€Å"Licence to Execute a Business Activity.† Approval of this required the signatures of the District government, the Commerce Department, the Taxation Department, the Health Department, and the Food Supply and Logistics Department. None of these agencies had any coordination, so approval from each separately was required and this could take months or years. Tony Wang stated: † We are pioneers in China, but so are the Chinese. However, whether they want to learn or not is another story. Many Westerners make the same big mistake in China: they assume that they can just pay to have the required work done or at least expedited. This just doesn’t work in China. The Chinese are not motivated by a desire to do things right simply for the sake of doing things right. They don’t want your help in speeding up the process. They just want to avoid problems. And unless we can convince them otherwise, we are their biggest problem.† A license was necessary before a lease could be signed, but Wang was worried that a desirable location might not be found. All buildings and possible space in Beijing is occupied. As well, Chinese regulations stated that new tenants would have to guarantee the employment of any workers left jobless when a new tenant took over. This worried Wang because he would be stuck with a number of unskilled Chinese that he would have to employ. Wang wanted the first store that was to be opened to be big and flashy because it would determine the future success of KFC in China. This was strategically a good idea but it ran counter to the culture in China where there was a history of hostility towards Western culture. In February 1987, a license was issued by the city, allowing KFC to operate in Beijing. The Tourist Bureau played an integral role in speeding up the application. Under the license KFC was given a tax remission for two years; profits in three years, four and five would be taxed at 16.5%, with profits thereafter taxed at 33% Wang now had to select a site to open the first location. But no matter where a location was chosen KFC would still require a building permit, as well as hookups for electricity, water, gas, and heating before the store could open. Wang discovered that many of these services were difficult to obtain, and it was not uncommon for applications to not be processed for months. Another concern was the company’s need to secure import licenses needed to bring equipment into the country: pressure frying machines, cash registers, blending and cutting equipment for the kitchen. Each item required a separate permit that could take months to attain. During all these negotiations Tony Wang realized that no one had thought to test market the area. It was known that the Chinese liked chicken. From KFC’s success in Hong Kong, it was assumed that it would be accepted, but no one had had time to find out for sure and they were forced to cross their fingers. Another problem was finding a reliable supplier of quality potatoes. If they were unable to do this they would have to use mashed potatoes, and Wang did not know how the Chinese would receive this. The largest concern facing Tony Wang was whether or not the Chinese employees could meet the quality, service, and cleanliness requirements. The Chinese employees would have little appreciation for KFC’s international standards of cleanliness or product quality. Most domestic organisations lacked any incentive programs, work was seen as something to be avoided, and service was a foreign term. The KFC organization would not allow the store to open if these levels were not met. The ironic part was that Chinese consumers would accept less then what was required. This would create conflict with the partners. Tony Wang also wondered what KFC would do with the soft currency that the venture would generate, and wondered whether or not there would even be any profits. Wang was faced with three options: 1. Pull out – cut the company losses and avoid negative publicity if the venture failed. This would allow for further research and KFC could try to re-enter in a few years when there was more complete information. 2. Go ahead slowly – taking more time evaluating the situation to make sure the partnerships were secure and the market would accept KFC, however this would invite competitor response. 3. Go ahead full – the market had high potential for success for KFC, and, with 1.1 billion people, large potential for profits. Wang decided to go full ahead. The location was finally found. The central government approved the lease because Wang sold them on the idea that the restaurant would represent a symbol and statement of the People’s Republic open policy with the West. The lease was finally approved in April of 1987, however they did not have the building permit, which would allow them to make necessary renovations. They also required hookups for gas, water and heating. Applications were continually lost or just went unanswered. How to cite The Chinese Economy, Culture Society, Essay examples

Young People and Drug Abuse Essay Example For Students

Young People and Drug Abuse Essay I have witnessed drug and alcohol abuse in many young people. I discovered more young people using drugs and alcohol when I was in the sixth grade. I am now twenty-one years old and still see it nine years later. Back then I lived in East Chicago Indiana when I experienced almost every young adult I met either smoked marijuana or drink alcohol. They thought it was cool to put themselves in those type of bad situations. I dodged every bullet that was fired at me. My peers tried their best to pressure me but I didn’t let that convince me. I had all types of bad thoughts about those who did those things. I’m pretty sure their parents didn’t know anything about them drinking or smoking. Being positive is the key. Never let anyone push you to do negative things in your life. My parents taught me to be a leader not a follower. Today young children turn out to do and be things without going through preadolescence. About nine years ago in Jr. High school I was surrounded by many bad decision makers. So many young people that I grew up with, turned out being the ones that wanted to experience drugs and alcohol. I had so many negative thoughts to the point where they begin to dislike me. They tried their best to make me do it, but I was smart enough to know it wasn’t the right decision. I was taught that if you didn’t want a bad reputation, to just do the right thing. In the sixth grade I was shy so just imagine what pressure I went through. Once I went to the seventh and eighth graded it had got worse. It got to the point where they were smoking before coming to their first period class and had the school smelling horrible. The teachers knew that some were smoking and started reporting it to the principal. Putting yourself in bad situations is not a good idea. Once you commit to something it’s hard to get away from it. Smoking and drinking could really turn into an addiction. Those two are something you don’t want to ruin your life with. When smoking it’s hard to get a job, hard to function to stay on the right path. Smoking could also abuse you in bad ways because there are different types of marijuana and cigarettes that give different feelings to the body. Individuals who start smoking at a young age have higher age-specific rates for all types of tobacco related cancers, linked primarily to their earlier exposure to the harmful toxin from cigarette. Regular smokers smoked on average about 36 cigarettes per week. Factors strongly associated with smoking include being female, being older, risky behaviors (drinking alcohol, drug use, truancy), and having friends and family who smoke. Boys and girls were equally likely to have drunk alcohol. The proportion of pupils who had drunk alcohol increased with age from 12% of 11 year olds to 74% of 15 year olds. For younger children it is generally thought that parents and other family members play the key role in forming their initial understanding of alcohol, but as children grow older and begin to socialize more, peers start to have an increasing impact on their attitudes, choices and behavior. There has also been an increase in the attention paid to the impact of commercial advertising and social networking on drinking behavior. Alcohol consumption, amongst both adults and young people, remains a key area of concern for the government. Boys and girls were equally likely to have ever taken drugs, and the same was true for drug use in the last year or in the last month. As in previous years, smoking and drinking alcohol were strongly associated with drug taking. Both regular and occasional smokers were more likely to have taken drugs in the last year. Compared with non-drinkers, pupils who had drunk alcohol were more likely to have taken drugs in the last year. As of today many pupils do not care whether it’s healthy or beneficial to their life. From this day forward I will and do not want to experience drugs and alcohol and will tech my son not to.

Birches Do The free essay sample

Birchs: Make The # 8220 ; Birches # 8221 ; Speak? Essay, Research Paper The verse form, ? Birches, ? by Robert Frost evokes all of the senses. Whether it is the rhythmic flow of the verse form or the mere demand to declaim the words for a clearer apprehension, the images that flood the head are phenomenal. Imagery is an indispensable portion of poesy. It creates a ocular apprehension of the overall significance of the verse form and gives a glance into the unexpressed head of Robert Frost. The imagination besides paints a scene of cold wintry yearss and heat of summer darks. Robert Frost, while cognizing the realistic causes behind the dead set birch trees, prefers to add an inventive reading behind the bending of the birches. He besides uses the full verse form to state something profound about life. The message that Frost could be connoting is that life can be difficult and people can lose there manner, but at that place will ever be artlessness, love and beauty in the universe if people look for it. We will write a custom essay sample on Birches Do The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frost uses imagination to convey this significance throughout the verse form. In the first subdivision of the verse form, Frost explains the visual aspect of the birches. Frost wants to believe that the subdivisions of the birches bend and sway because of a male child singing on them. However, Frost suggests that repeated ice storms are what bend the subdivisions. Frost compares the interrupting off of the ice from the trees to the? dome of Eden? shattering ( Line 13 ) . This could be a metaphor for life utilizing imagination. The ice can typify hard times that come in life, while the ice interrupting off may stand for renewed hope for the hereafter. Initially, the forest scene describes, # 8220 ; crystal shells Shattering and roll downing on the snow crust # 8211 ; Such tonss of broken glass to brush away # 8221 ; ( 10-12 ) . The words # 8220 ; shattering and roll downing # 8221 ; ( 11 ) give the feeling of catastrophe and possibly fear or grieve. A perturbation in the existence is suggested by the # 8220 ; tonss of broken glass # 8221 ; ( 12 ) that ma ke it look as if # 8220 ; the interior dome of Eden had fallen # 8221 ; ( 13 ) . Frost besides lends sound to his description of the subdivisions as? they click upon themselves As the zephyr rises? ( 7-8 ) . This may be a spin on the thought that jobs and experiences # 8220 ; chink # 8221 ; off of people, nevertheless, the chink is non a catch connoting that jobs do non interrupt people. Frost farther explains the subdivisions bend because of the ice, nevertheless, they do non interrupt. This can besides be compared to life because many people have jobs and defeat. However, they do non interrupt under life? s enduring flips and bends. Rather people bend to the state of affairs that is in forepart of them, and repositing themselves to equally administer the weight. Frost once more adds beautiful imagination while comparing the set subdivisions? draging their foliages on the land? to? misss on custodies and articulatio genuss throwing their hair before them to dry in the Sun? ( 18 -19 ) . These transitions help to link the natural and more lasting construction of the birches to life. By comparing them to populating existences to demo that life flows through all things. Frost so suggests that he would instead conceive of a small male child doing the bending of the subdivisions by singing and playing on them. Frost continues to link the flow of life from human to corner. He begins to state a narrative within the verse form. It is a narrative of a small male child life in a rural district. The male child could be on a farm, traveling out to make his jobs, like bringing the cattles, but he does non desire to becaus vitamin E of both the beauty of the forests and his wanting to play. The small male child is in a privy environment, when he is forced to entertain himself. He has become accustomed to playing on his male parent? s trees, one by one he would suppress them all. He has been a frequent swinger of the birches and has taken the stiffness out of them and caused the subdivisions to flex. Frost goes on to state, ? He learned all there was to larn about non establishing out excessively shortly And so non transporting the tree off? ( 32-33 ) . The small male child knows precisely how far to flex the subdivisions without interrupting them. Merely as there is a breakage point for all people, it is a delicate balance. Frost uses the image of make fulling a cup to the lip? and even above the lip? ( 38 ) to exemplify to the reader merely how close the male child is to interrupting the subdivisions. Then in the following subdivision, when he envisions a immature male child playing on them, the image of summer comes to mind. Frost goes on to state? Summer or winter? the small boy played ( 27 ) . This helps to exemplify how the specifying times in a individual? s life can non be narrowed down to a specific event. Rather, it is an epoch environing the specific events in which a individual learns life lessons, and so the individual must take to interrupt or flex. In the concluding part of the verse form, Frost trades with the image of an grownup? s position of the birch trees and how it relates to adult life. Frost is reflecting back to a male child? s guiltless childhood experience. The grownup yearns to return in clip to a unworried life. He says? it? s when I? m weary? ( 43 ) and he seems to hold lost his manner, that he would wish to? acquire off from Earth awhile? ( 48 ) and so come back to live over this joyous, unworried period in his life. Frost goes on to state, ? May no destiny wilfully misconstrue me And half grant what I wish and snatch me off Not to return. Earth? s the right topographic point for love: I don? T know where it? s likely to travel better? ( 50-53 ) . These lines suggest that bad things can go on on Earth, nevertheless beauty, felicity and love still exist. They are invariably flexing to maintain the delicate balance between life, nature, and truth. However, the defeat of life sometimes makes it # 8220 ; excessivel y much like a pathless wood # 8221 ; ( 44 ) . After unwraping that he himself has been # 8220 ; a swinger of birches # 8221 ; ( 59 ) . The talker confesses that he yearns to return to those yearss in his imaginativeness to acquire off from the defeats, the smashings of existent life. The last line, # 8220 ; One could make worse than to be a swinger of birches # 8221 ; ( 59 ) , sounds relaxed, thoughtful, resolved. After he takes a mental holiday into the forest, the grownup comes back to world refreshed, ready for love and ready to confront world once more. For Frost, the character in this verse form is taken back to his carefree yesteryear by the birch trees. Frost uses imagination to assist us understand what is happening for the immature male child and grownup. Poetry helps people to traverse the thresholds of clip besides. Further, poesy allows us to see beauty and happen a way to a feeling or desire. ? Birchs? by Robert Frost is an illustration of such poesy. It is rich with beautiful and profound images. In an age of incredulity, ? Birches? evokes feeling, a reminiscence of artlessness ; it speaks to what is human in everyone. Work CitedFrost, Robert. ? Birches. ? The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin? s. 2002. 1009-1010.

10 Critical Essay Topics on Environmental Health and Development

10 Critical Essay Topics on Environmental Health and Development Writing critical essays on environmental health and its effects on development is a task that could be assigned to just about anyone pursuing a degree in a higher institution of learning. Therefore, it is important to arm yourself with enough ammunitions- facts and figures- concerning the subject of environmental health and here, we will attempt to put together 10 important facts on it. To kick-start the learning process, here is an academic definition of environmental health and development. Environmental health is the science that studies the effect of civilization, culture, personal habits, pollution, population growth and travel on human health as well as the development of the human community. The study takes into account a variety of parameters and factors that lead to acquired or congenital diseases among humans. The data provided for acquired diseases covers the illnesses humans acquire from harmful chemicals, pollution and pathogenic elements while that for congenital diseases covers genetic issues contained in the human DNA. Therefore, a study on environmental health focuses more on acquired diseases and the role the environment plays in our healthy or unhealthy situation. So here are some facts spanning the environment’s contribution to the state of our mental health, wellness, and overall standard of life in the 21st century: The past twenty years have seen plastics replacing the use of glass, metal and other material as the major production material used in manufacturing products. In 1995, studies found that plastics leak pollutants which affect the environment and the endocrine system of the human body. The endocrine system is responsible for growth and reproduction and the effects of these emissions stunt human development. Sadly, approximately 6.6 million children under the age of 5 die every year on the global stage due to diverse contributing factors. But statistics show that environmental-related deaths account for a third of this number. Also important is the fact that 50% of the one million child deaths from acute respiration are caused by indoor smoke- which consist of second hand tobacco smoke and solid fuel used in stoves. In terms of diseases and environmental health, asthma is the most common non-communicable disease that occurs among children. Studies show that it is caused by emissions which are hazardous to the environment such as dust, smoke, pollen and mould. Children in more developed countries are more susceptible to having asthma, while sufferers from poor income backgrounds are more likely to die from asthmatic attacks due to lack of access to good health care facilities. The causes of natural disasters range from human impact to just nature. Their effect on health and development are quite staggering. Statistics show that since 1980, environmental disasters have led to economic losses of approximately $3.2trillion worldwide. Sadly, low-income countries account for approximately 70% of the world’s natural disaster hot spots which affect more than 200 million people from the developed world. The average human being also plays a part in ensuring the environmental health in his or her community and this affects the development and standard of living in these communities. In 2012, statistics show that 14% of the world’s population practices open defecation and 9 out of every 10 who practice open defecation live in rural areas. The study also showed the percentage of people who defecate in the open is also on the rise in the developed world which affects the environment negatively. The earth’s ozone layer is drastically reducing due to the use of ozone depleting substances (ODS) produced by humans and this harms the environment for it reduces the protecting shield that protects humans from ultraviolet (UV) rays. Cars, refrigerators, air conditioners contribute approximately 30% of the emissions that affect the ozone layer. UV rays are produced more predominantly between 10am to 4pm and overexposure may lead to skin burns and in more serious instances, skin cancer. Lead poisoning is a scourge to environmental health and although the use of lead in production cycles has been reduced in developing countries, high levels of lead can still be found in the environment. Studies show that lead can harm a developing foetus and cause reproduction problems in adults. Lastly, in developing countries, more than 33% of their child population are exposed to high levels of lead which can result to neurological disorders which harm child development. Water contamination has been described as one of the hazards that plague humans, the environment and animals residing in its ecosystem. Studies show that most of the world’s water sources- tap water, well water and bottled water- exhibit traces of contamination such as fluorine, lead and bacteria- and in high concentrations, it can lead to health hazards. In developing nations, water contamination is responsible for illnesses such as cholera and dysentery which affects the healthy development of individuals in these communities. Mining and drilling to retrieve the earth’s resources also have repercussions on the environment and in most cases these repercussion are negative and harmful to environmental health. Studies have shown that a high percentage mercury- which is one of the byproducts from burning coal- finds its way to the world’s lakes, rivers and oceans thereby affecting both plant and animal life globally. Humans are also in danger of mercury poisoning as methylmercury can be found in high concentrations in sea foods exposed mercury. Environmental health is also susceptible to the widespread use of pesticides by humans in killing pests, gardening and treating mold. Studies show that over exposure to pesticide poses greater risk to children than adults and these health risks include: birth defects, nerve damage and cancer. Statistics show that an estimated 1million to 5million cases of pesticide poisoning occur each year and this leads to approximately 20,000 deaths which show the effect of pesticide to environmental health. So here we come to the end of some of the most important facts on environmental health and development which you can integrate into your essay. We would like you to note that this article is just the first in a series providing you with excellent information on writing an essay or handling a project on environmental health. Therefore, we implore you to complete the series by checking out some interesting topics which you can choose from for your own essay as well as these guidelines on writing a critical essay. References: Mike, A. Thutula, B. (2013). Development in Environmental Health, 7-12. hst.org.za/uploads/files/chap10_08.pdf Women’s Health journal. (2012). The Environment and Women’s Health, 3-7, 10-16. http://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/environment-womens-health.pdf World Health Organization. (2008). Environmental Health. who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ World Health Organization. (2008). 10 facts on preventing disease through healthy environments. who.int/features/factfiles/ environmental_health/en/ Bartram, J. (2008). Flowing Away: Water and Health Opportunities. Bull World Health Organ. who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/1/07- 049619.pdf Van Vuuren, L. (2006). Potential health time-bomb ticking in Free State. The Water Wheel. Encyclopaedia. (2002). Environmental Health. encyclopedia.com/topic/Environmental_health.aspx

Martha Peer Review of MS Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martha Peer Review of MS Draft - Essay Example Following are some of your weaknesses. There are many typographical errors which I am sure if you go through and revise again you will see, for example, â€Å"training andpassed the post- training† and â€Å"during the interview withthe assistant director†. I felt the repetition of some words made reading quite monotonous e.g.â€Å"I knew I was a compassionate, sensitive, caring person and was often told by friends that I was easy to talk to†(pg 1) could be rewritten as â€Å"I knew I was compassionate, sensitive, caring and am often considered by friends as someone who is easy to talk to†. Or even on page four â€Å"Often these parents have been abused and neglected themselves and need†¦. can establish trust in another person. The primary goal was to support abusive and neglectful parents,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦healthy, functioning family unit†. Here synonyms of abuse and neglect could have been used such as â€Å"Often these parents have been mistrea ted and ignored themselves and need to.†¦can establish trust in another person .The primary goal was to support abusive and neglectful parents... healthy, functioning family unit†. Also on pg 11 â€Å"learned† has been repeated a few times. Words like acquired or gathered could have replaced it. There are some very long sentences which could have been cut down into two to avoid confusion .e.g. on pg 1 last line â€Å"I will discuss how this role helped†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.its effects on children.† Lastly here are some suggestions. I would have liked if you had shown more of your six years experience. Since you have worked with people of diverse culture and even with single, gay and mixed race parents, some more examples would have helped in my better understanding of what challenges you had to face then. Also a brief description on the welfare system could have been provided. There were issues with grammar, where you could have been clearer, for example on page two â€Å"It’s important to make the distinction between being a volunteer and paid

Monopolistic Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monopolistic Competition - Essay Example Figure 1 is illustrative for differentiating market structure and the chapters refer to the chapters in Mankiw (2007). Figure 1. Gregory Mankiw on four types of market structure Source: Mankiw (2007, p. 341) Mankiw (2007, p. 341) elaborated that there is no â€Å"magic number† that would allow us to determine what is â€Å"few† or â€Å"many† firms as reality is never as precise as theory. Samuelson and Nordhaus (2001, p. 168) had viewed monopolistic competition as â€Å"imperfect competition†. Further, they described the type of competition to be â€Å"very common† (Samuelson and Nordhaus 2001, p. 187). Earlier, Hunt (2000, p. 41) reported that the theory of monopolistic competition was developed by Edward Chamberlin in 1933 in which the latter complained that his theory was wrongly lumped with Joan Robinson’s theory of imperfect competition. In particular, Hunt (2000, p. ... In contrast, through product differentiation, a firm in a monopolistic competition has a portion of the market in which he has a monopoly. For instance, the pants industry has Levis and Wrangler, for example, and each brand has a set of customers loyal to the brand. For their respective loyal customers, each firm is a monopoly facing a specific demand curve. Varian (2005, p. 461) pointed out in a monopolistic competition, â€Å"each firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve for its product.† This is illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2. Monopolistic Competition in the Short Run Source: Mankiw 2007, p. 369 A diagram similar to Figure 2 of the earlier page is in Depken (2006, p. 199) as well as in Taylor (2007, p. 293). In Figure 2 of the earlier page, it is clear that a monopolistic competitive firm maximizes profit where its marginal revenue equals marginal cost (Mankiw 2007, p. 369). However, as shown in Figure 2, this can lead to a loss or profit, depending on the costs curves confronting the firm (Mankiw 2007, p. 369). The left panel of Figure 2 in the immediately preceding page indicates a profit for the monopolistic competitive firm while the one on the right panel of Figure 2 indicates a loss. Meanwhile, it must be pointed out that a much earlier book, Eckert and Leftwich (1988, p. 212) had described a much more elastic demand curve for a monopolistic competition or a demand curve that is close to a horizontal straight line to reflect that demand can either significantly drop or increase with prices changes in a monopolistic competition. In other words, this means that the demand curve facing the competitively monopolistic firm in the short run is highly elastic. Subject to

Any topic you think is good for my paper Assignment - 2

Any topic you think is good for my paper - Assignment Example For example, late in the review he says, â€Å"The scope here is unashamedly novelistic, and although the plotting of the film’s first act is arguably muddled, Nolan’s sheer formal audacity means the stakes feel skin-pricklingly high at all times†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is not pulling punches, but is saying that while some aspects of the film may not be so good, these are overwhelmed by the style and talent of the director, Christopher Nolan, who is very good. The reviewer uses lively, exciting language throughout which is good because it reflects the fun aspect of the film. Overall, the author communicates in a way that makes the reader not only want to keep reading, but also rush out to see the film. Generally, this is an effective review. It communicates the ideas behind the movie and the manner in which the reviewer is evaluating it. The reviewer is speaking to a broad audience of film-goers. He wants to show that the movie is a fun film that would appeal to most people. He successfully accomplishes this goal. Collin, Robby. â€Å"Batman: The Dark Knight Rises, first review.† Daily Telegraph. 16 Jul 2012.

Quantum Mechanics Using Back-of-the-envelope Calculations

Quantum Mechanics Using Back-of-the-envelope Calculations YIP Chung On INTRODUCTION Calculations in quantum mechanics are very often lengthy and mathematically involved, and some problems are impossible to get an analytical solution. Our goal, rather than obtaining an exact solution, we try to analyze a problem in quantum mechanics using dimensional analysis and provide a back-of-the-envelope estimate. We choose the ground state problem of a harmonic-quartic oscillator to perform an analytical estimate, as it is a common and useful quantum mechanics problem. Then we use a computer software, Mathematica to solve differential equations numerically, and compare the solutions with the back-of-the-envelope estimate. Above is the Schrà ¶dinger equation for a one-dimensional particle moving in a combination of a harmonic potential of frequency à °Ã‚ Ã…“† and a quartic potential of strength à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½. The study of ground state problem of a harmonic-quartic problem is important, as it is a typical system in reality. There are two special cases for a harmonic-quartic oscillator; one is when the strength of the quartic is very small, it becomes a harmonic oscillator, another one is when the strength of the harmonic potential is very small, it becomes a quartic oscillator. Harmonic oscillator is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics, one of the examples are simple diatomic molecules such as hydrogen and nitrogen. It is one of the few quantum-mechanical systems which we are able to get an exact, analytical solution. Also, many potentials can be approximated as a harmonic potential when the energy is very low, this provides a great help when studying some very complicated systems. While in reality, it is unlikely that a system is purely harmonic, as most of the time there would be more than one potential acting in a system. So it is important to study a system with multi-potentials, and a harmonic-quartic oscillator, which includes a harmonic potential and a quartic potential, is a good example of that. Our goal, in this project, is to estimate the ground state energy of a harmonic-quartic oscillator making use of back-of-the-envelope calculations, which means that we only involve very few mathematical calculations in our estimate. To specify, we perform dimensional analysis on the equations of the problem we concern, then we compare the results of our estimate with the numerical solution we get from Mathematica, a computer software, to see how close can our estimate get. METHOD We attempt to use dimensional analysis to estimate the ground state energy of the harmonic-quartic problem, and here would be the procedures we would take to perform a dimensional analysis for finding the ground state energy. First we identify the principal units of measurement for the problem, which means the minimal set of units enough to describe all the input parameters of the problem. For this problem, we choose the units of length, [], and energy, [, these two are often chosen in stationary problems in quantum mechanics. Then we identify the input parameters and their units in terms of the chosen principal units. For each of the principal units, we choose a scale which is a combination of the input parameters measured using their units. We may need to determine the maximal set of independent dimensionless parameters: the set will include only the parameters that are generally either much greater or much less than unity. These include both the dimensionless parameters present in the problem and the dimensionless combinations of the dimensionful input parameters. If the set is empty, the unknown quantities can be determined almost completely, i.e. up to a numerical prefactor of the order of unity. If some dimensionless parameters are present, the class of possible relationships between the unknowns and the input parameters can be narrowed down, but the order of magnitude of the unknown quantities cannot be determined. Finally we express the unknown quantities as a multi-power-law of principal scales, times an arbitrary function of all dimensionless parameters, if any. If no dimensionless parameters are present, the arbitrary function is replaced by an arbitrary constant, presumed to be of the order of unity. SOLVE Before we solve the harmonic-quartic oscillator problem, we would first go through the two special cases, the harmonic oscillator alone and the quartic oscillator alone. Harmonic oscillator alone Consider the Schrà ¶dinger equation for one-dimensional particle moving in a harmonic potential of frequency à °Ã‚ Ã…“†, where à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¡ is the particle’s mass. Find the ground state energy. Principal units: unit of length [], unit of energy [ Input parameters and their units: [ [ where , and To derive the scale of length, let us represent the scale as The units of are [ To derive the scale of energy, let us represent the scale as The units of are [ Solution for the unknown: where const is a number of the order of unity. Its precise value is inaccessible for dimensional methods. Recall that the exact value of this constant is 1/2. Finally, Quartic oscillator alone Consider the Schrà ¶dinger equation for one-dimensional particle moving in a quartic potential of strength where is the particle’s mass. Find the ground state energy. Principal units: unit of length [], unit of energy [ Input parameters and their units: [ [ where To derive the scale of length, let us represent the scale as The units of are [ To derive the scale of energy, let us represent the scale as The units of are [ Solution for the unknown: Finally, Harmonic-quartic oscillator Consider the Schrà ¶dinger equation for one-dimensional particle moving in a combination of harmonic potential of frequency and a quartic potential of strength where is the particle’s mass. Find the ground state energy. Principal units: unit of length [], unit of energy [ Input parameters and their units: [ [ [ where , and To derive the scale of length, let us represent the scale as The units of are: [ We choose the scale associated uniquely with the harmonic oscillator, To derive the scale of energy, let us represent the scale as The units of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ° are: [ We choose the scale associated uniquely with the harmonic oscillator, There exists a dimensionless parameter expressed as a product of powers of principal scales: The units of are: [ As is supposed to be dimensionless, There is an independent dimensionless parameter We choose a scale of parameter in order that the system can be solved Solution for the unknown: where is an arbitrary function. Finally, SOFTWARE COMPARISON DISCUSSION REFERENCES M. Olshanii, Back-of-the-Envelope Quantum Mechanics, 1st ed. (World Scientific, 2013) Quantum harmonic oscillator. Retrieved Feb 1, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_harmonic_oscillator Quantum Harmonic Oscillator. Retrieved Feb 1, 2015, from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/hosc.html

The Cold War Essays -- World History Communism

Following World War Two, two distant political governments emerged to dictate the direction the world would take. These two governments consisted of Communism and Democracy which stared untrustingly at each other and staunched economic growth with their excessive military budgets. In the end though, Democracy would prove to be the preferred government archetype for the general population of the world. During World War Two, the United States and the Soviet Union along with their allies were united to defeat Nazi Germany. After the war however the two nations began to distrust each other after negotiations on how Europe should be governed. These negotiations called the Yalta Conference in 1945 consisted of the big three, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin. It established that Germany and Austria were to be divided into four parts of occupation as well as the capitals of Berlin and Vienna. Later that year the Potsdam Conference was attended by Truman, Atlee, and Stalin, which fell through over the East-West hostility which made it difficult for the council to reach a unanimous decision. As Russia sought to dominate the whole of Eastern Europe as a defense against invasion, the United States wanted Democracy for the European people. It was during this time that the cold war began and the iron curtain came down across Eastern Europe. The Cold War in the United States came from the fear that Communists intended to take over all of Europe. Seeing that Communist governments were established in Poland, Bulgaria, and Hungary by the Soviet army, along with local communists setting up their own governments in Albania, Yugoslavia, and the United States began her policy called the Truman Doctrine. This Doctrine was est... ...rappled with questions about her new place in the world. The collapse of the Soviet Union ended the division of Europe into two opposing camps and united Europe with the sole purpose and shared commitment to capitalism and democracy. In the end of this entire struggle communism fell and democracy was governed the majority of the world for the first time. Works Cited McKay, et al. A History of World Societies volume C. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s 2009 "ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION 1945-1960." TheCorner. @HW Poon, 1979. Adapted by TK Chung. Web. 08 Jan. 2011. . Betts, Raymond F. "Europe in Retropsect: The Decade of European Recovery - The Cold War & Bipolarization." Britannia: British History and Travel. Web. 08 Jan. 2011. .

Batman essay

Brace's father and mother were killed, when Bruce as a child, insisted that they leave a play hat had bats in it; they were gunned down by a low-life thug, who panicked when things during the robbery got heated. Bruce, left with a guilty conscience that it was his fault that his parents were killed, turned to a life of crime and was eventually sent to Jail. After meeting Era's al ghoul he was trained to be a warrior. To Bruce, this was a chance to try and save Gotcha from people like Falconer.When Bruce was to be tested by executing a prisoner of the League of Shadows (the organization that Bruce was trained by). He couldn't do it, because if he did, he would be doing the same thing that he is punishing criminals for, so Instead of falling to the dark, and twisted path, he flees the League of Shadows, leaving a destroyed â€Å"DODOS† behind him; a path set for the salvation of Gotcha before him. Bruce decided to use a symbol, the bat to begin his campaign of Justice.Bruce beco mes the batman and took his Justice to a corrupted Gotcha, a place his father had set to save, was now In the hands of Bruce Wayne, the Batman. Batman brought the fear to people Like Falconer and Dry. Crane ND he saved many people from thugs that Infected the city throughout. The Bat's Idea of Justice was to save people, and maybe reach a peace In his heart from a life wasted, sitting In the type of rot his father always wished to cure Gotcha of. Henry Ducal tells Bruce that Justice Is balance: an eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth.As an example Ducal burns down Wayne Manor because Bruce had burned down Ducat's house. â€Å"Consider us even,† Ducal said. According to Ducal, Justice and revenge are one and the same. However Brace's Love, Rachel Dates responds very Nintendo to Bruce when he says he wanted to kill the man who murdered his parents because they deserved Justice. Rachel says that there Is a difference between Justice and revenge: â€Å"Justice Is about harmony,† compared to â€Å"revenge Is about making yourself feel better. At the end, Bruce rejects Ducat's definition of Justice and tells Rachel she was right: â€Å"Justice Is about more than revenge. † However the man who murdered Brace's parents was killed but not by Bruce. Falcon says that the power of fear Is the kind batman essay By mathematical hinge that he is punishing criminals for, so instead of falling to the dark, and twisted path, he flees the League of Shadows, leaving a destroyed â€Å"DODOS' behind him; a path corrupted Gotcha, a place his father had set to save, was now in the hands of Bruce Wayne, the Batman.Batman brought the fear to people like Falconer and Dry. Crane and he saved many people from thugs that infected the city throughout. The Bat's idea of Justice was to save people, and maybe reach a peace in his heart from a life wasted, sitting in the type of rot his father always wished to cure Gotcha of. Henry Ducal tells Bruce that Justice is balance: an eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth. As an parents because they deserved Justice.Rachel says that there is a difference between Justice and revenge: â€Å"Justice is about harmony,† compared to â€Å"revenge is about making yourself feel better. † At the end, Bruce rejects Ducat's definition of justice and tells Rachel she was right: â€Å"Justice is about more than revenge. † However the man who murdered Brace's parents was killed but not by Bruce. Falcons says that the power of fear is the kind

Pride and Predujice - Contrast essays

Pride and Predujice - Contrast essays Discuss the ways contrast are used to define the characters in a novel you have studied. Jane Austin uses contrast extensively in the book, Pride and Prejudice. There is examples of it in the contrast between Darcy and Lizzie, one is a proud man, contrasted with the outer, who without intentionally mean or wanting to, is prejudiced to wards most. There is also another important contrast between Charlotte and Lizzie, on the one hand Lizzy is determined to marry for love, and love alone, but on the other hand, Charlotte will marry the next person who proposes, believing happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. The third and final contrast I am going to speak about is the contrast between Mr. and Mrs. Bennett. The couple, who have no doubt been marries for many years always amaze me, how could two people, who occasionally hate each other with such a passion remain married all this time. The contrast between Darcy and Lizzie in the book is no doubt the most obvious contrast, and in my opinion also the most important. It has been said that Darcy's Pride leads to prejudice, and Elizabeths prejudice stems from a pride in her own perceptions, so although somewhat interchangeable, the two lead characters are always in a state of contrast. The contrast between the characters is used to define them quite brilliantly. We can learn most from a character from their interaction with the scene around them, which is especially true of Darcy. His pride causes him to behave accordingly, when he comments on Lizzie she is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me. This is the first sign of any feelings of Darcys towards Lizzie. To the reader Darcy is defined as an evil man, not one who would marry the story heroine. But how perceptions change. With plenty of time for the pair to spend together when Jane is ill, Darcy first falls for Lizzie, but to Lizzie, Darcy's comments at the previous ball sti ...

Imagery Essays - Christian Poetry, Eliot Family, New Criticism

Imagery Essays - Christian Poetry, Eliot Family, New Criticism Imagery Imagery Depicted Through T.S. Elliot's The Hollow Men The imagery depicted in T.S. Eliot's poem The Hollow Men evokes a sense of desolate hopelessness and lends to Eliot's generally cynical view of civilization during this period in history. A reaction of deep and profound disappointment in mankind around him is made evident in this poem, first published in 1925. In this short piece, Eliot lists several deep faults he finds in his fellow human beings, including hypocrisy, insensability and indifference. Overall Elliot leaves the reader with a feeling of overwhelming emptiness. An important feature of this poem is the fact that the narration of the poem is in first person. This establishes Eliot's and the readers relationship to the images and ideas presented. When the poem begins We are the hollow men rather than They are ... or You are... the reader is immediately included within this poem, along with Eliot himself. This type of narration creates a sense of common hollowness and by the end of the poem, therefore, a sense of common responsibility and guilt. Early in the poem, Eliot creates a world of desolation. The idea of dryness is emphasized by the repeadted use of the word dry in the first stanza, where we read of dried voices, dry grass and dry cellar. When he mentions the sound of rats feet over broken glass he subtly prods at our anxieties about disease and decay. Eliot then mentions the dead, calling them Those who have crossed...to death's other kingdom. These people are made real by Eliot's repeated mention of their eyes. He refers to them first as making their crossing into death with direct eyes, meaning that they faced and surrendered to death, unable to turn away. Also he states they have eyes I dare not meet in dreams, indicating that this narrator fears addressing death, either his own or those who have crossed. Later in the poem, in part IV, Eliot returns to the eyes imagery with The eyes are not here/There are no eyes here. The absence of eyes, here, indicates Eliot's condemnation of indifference among those still living to the fate of the dead. Further into section IV he presents The hope only/Of empty men as being when and if The eyes reappear/ As the perpetual star. Here Eliot calls for an opening of eyes and cessation of disregard and indifference to these deaths. The idea of being afraid to face death and feeling guilt over the deaths of others contributes to the full explanation of what Eliot means by hollow men. Besides being afraid to face the eyes of the dead, just as the criminal cannot face the eyes of his victim, this narrator also expresses a desire to hide from death itself. When he wishes to also wear/Such deliberate disguises/Rat's coat, crowskin, crossed staves/In a field/Behaving as the wind behaves, we realize that the hollowness is a disguise to fool death into going elsewhere. This particular section of the poem overlapes images of rats and crows, animals associated not only with death, but also with the scarecrow and it's crossed support staves. Section V of the poem begins with a variation of a children's rhyme, Here we go round the mulberry bush which replaces the mulberry with the cactus called a prickly pear. This strange song comes somehow as a relief from the desolate tone of the poem previously. The presence of the cactus instead of the familiar mulberry keeps the reader in Eliot's world of desolation, while bringing to mind the fact that innocent children still live and play in that world, and that someone must take responsibility for the world they are born into. The somewhat grim concluding stanza echoes the mulberry bush song from earlier, this time with an even darker tone. Again the reader is confronted with the image of children, their playfulness and hopefulness, paired with the image of the death of not only men but of the entire world. Here Eliot plainly states a ghastly warning about the path he sees his world taking. He sees it all coming to an end not in some apocalyptic catastrophe, but through mankind allowing himself to slowly decay and degrade to the point of oblivion.

Recognition of depression and aknowlegement of depression among Asisan Essay

Recognition of depression and aknowlegement of depression among Asisan American and Hispanic Americans - Essay Example Slant: Depression is a common and highly treatable disorder that affects over 17-20 million Americans annually. It is next to cardiovascular diseases in terms of mortality. Depression is also the leading reason for suicide cases in the United States. Depression however can almost always be successfully treated once identified. Unfortunately, misdiagnosis and under-treatment is common especially within the African American community. (www.Nami.org) One sentence description of your article: Healthcare providers as well as Americans need to understand and recognize signs and symptoms of depression so that it can be detected earlier for effective intervention and treatment. Myrna M. Weissman, PhD, and Mark Olfson, MD, MPH: Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and Management Considerations in Family Practice: Journal of American Board of Family Practice, July-August 2005, vol. 18 no 4.

The Influence of Macroeconomic Developments on Determination of Dissertation

The Influence of Macroeconomic Developments on Determination of Commodity Prices - Dissertation Example Data collection has been based on survey questionnaire with 15 questions exposed to 50 participants who had sufficient knowledge in this field. Data were collected on a Likert scale and statistical analyses have been performed. All the analyses have been implemented with SPSS. Correlation and Regression has been performed to find the research outcome. Based on the regression analysis, it has been found that macroeconomic factors like economic growth, market speculations, macroeconomic news, consumer instalment credits, trade deficits, variation in demand side, variation in supply side all HIGHLY influence the commodity pricing. Also, based on the correlation analysis, it can be seen that the sharp increase in commodity exports of developing countries during the 1980s debt crises affect the commodity prices. Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Research Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background of the Study 1.3 Statement of the Problem 1.4 Research Questions, Aim and Objectives 1.4 .1 Research Aim and Objectives 1.4.1.1 General Objective 1.4.1.2 Specific Objectives 1.5 Research Design 1.6 Structure of the research 1.7. Chapter Summary Chapter 2 – Literature Review 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Theoretical and Analytical Review 2.3. Macro-economic events 2.4. Supply side of commodities 2.5. Fluctuations in Commodity wealth 2.6. Demand side of commodities 2.7. Chapter summary Chapter 3 – Methodology of Research 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Survey Research Methods 3.3. Characteristics of Quantitative survey methods 3.4. Research Framework 3.5. Chapter summary Chapter 4 – Research Data Collection 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Sample Selection 4.3. Survey Questionnaire 4.4. Data Collection and interpretation 4.5. Chapter summary Chapter 5 – Research Data Analysis 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Significance of Statistical Regression and Correlation 5.3. Overview of SPSS 5.4. Data Analysis 5.5. Chapter summary Chapter 6 – Discussion of Results 6.1. Introductio n 6.2. Outcome of regression analysis 6.3. Outcome of Correlation analysis 6.4. Research Outcome 6.5. Chapter summary Chapter 7 – Research Conclusion References Appendix F distribution for 95% confidence interval List of Tables Table 4.1. Sample Likert scale Table 5.1. Model Summary Table 5.2. ANOVA Table 5.3. Correlations Chapter 1 – Research Introduction 1.7 Introduction Questions related to the determination of prices for oil, other mineral, and agricultural commodities have always fallen predominantly in the province of microeconomics. According to Frankel and Rose (RBA, 2009), there are cases where commodity prices move towards the same direction making it difficult to ignore the influence of macroeconomics. Borensztein and Reinhart (1994) confirm the central role of commodity markets especially with respect to transmittal of global disturbances through the linkage they (commodity markets) provide between importers and suppliers of commodities. However, the experi enced fluctuations in both prices and volumes within the

Airline industry and leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Airline industry and leadership - Essay Example The airlines industry is one which constantly faced with considerable global challenges and competition. Constantly turbulence in their business conditions leaves the fortunes of these companies in the hands of global conditions and conditions of the economy. The co-evolutionary process of industry development and leadership is evident in many of the airlines companies across the world. Leaders have played the dynamic role of developing new business models with the aim to revitalize and rebuild the industry. Some of the greatest airlines in the world, such as the South West Airlines and British Airways have been successful in overcoming hard times and driven towards success by the initiative, zeal and enthusiasm of their leadership teams. It would explain the general theories of leadership providing evidence from another industry (Gilbert, 2009). Section 1 Effective leadership has been particularly responsible for bringing about dramatic organizational transformations. However, the leadership styles and types have differed between organizations. The most important ones which are worth mentioning in the context of bringing out organizational changes or transformation of organizations are situational leadership and contingency theory. According to Bass (1990), situational leadership takes into consideration the leaders and the followers as well as the situation. This is complemented with the elaboration of the circumstances, time and place as well (Martin, 2006, p.45).The fundamental underpinning of situational leadership theory is that it does not consider any single or best style of leadership. It is rather relevant to the task to be performed and the most success successful of all leaders is those who can adapt their leadership styles to the needs of the situation.

Learning and education Essay Example for Free

Learning and education Essay Learning and education are some of the most prized assets any person could have. Many parents consider these assets to be the primary treasure which they can give to their children to face the challenges of the future. However, there are some instances in which education becomes unreachable due to some hindrances like learning disabilities. It may become a concern not only for the individual but for the family as well.   Fortunately there are still some available steps in order to combat the possible dilemmas learning disabilities might bring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the part of Tony, it seems that he is not really that ready enough to become a part of the larger scope of education structure. He used to have a separated domain of learning which highlighted his interests to accommodate knowledge. The one-on-one teaching method provided by Ms. Brumbley became the most comfortable realm for Tony to achieve success. However, in order to develop more, he needs to take a few more steps of the education ladder. In middle school and beyond, school works are more complex and require more diligence in following directions. Add to that the extremely dynamic social nature of the class where students will tend to stabilize their roles and projections towards other members of the society. Because of such factors, Tony may have a hard time adjusting to the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to accommodate Tony to perform his ultimate best, what can be done is to at least set some modifications in the classroom. First is to introduce the basic foundations of new lessons for discussion. For example, a lesson in Math can first take a course of simple arithmetic to fraction computations. This may seem too easy relative for the whole class but exampling to them the importance of the strong math foundation will not impose an obvious aspect that the procedure is intended for Tony to refresh what he has previously learned. It is also possible to provide Tony a separate customized textbook and assignments so that he can gradually adjust to the lessons involved in middle school education. This approach is not intended for a long term basis so that he can actually progress to entertain newer and more complex lessons in middle school subjects. Lastly, as a concerned teacher, he will be provided with at least an hour of academic assistance everyday after class. A consultation form of conversation is best for him so that he could provide any feedback about the class procedures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to support the standing of Tony in middle school through high school, coordinating with his other teachers would be the best practice to do. This will help the whole learning sector to have a single approach in fulfilling the special needs of Tony. Even if after he has completed the year level in a particular class, a complete coordination between his previous teachers and the ones who will be handling him should be initiated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basing on some studies and personal observations, individuals like Tony do not simply experience learning problems. The nearest dilemma apart from education concerns is the social interaction aspect of the person. Primarily, if one is not able to acquire the supposedly pace of learning rates in education, then most probably there will be a certain problem within his core interactive capabilities. Of course, it was noted that he exemplifies a certain degree of fondness in dealing with people in a comical way but deep inside, Tony might also have some concerns in having an interaction with people in a serious manner. If he will realize his disadvantages over the people he will constantly interact with, he might experience a sense of inferiority or discrimination. Compassionate encouragement and kindness can minimize the inferiority factor this dilemma might induce (Kentucky Education Cabinet).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Helping the students to explore their capabilities is one way to nurture their personalities. But for individuals who have a relative disadvantage in learning, utmost assistance and care is needed beyond teaching. References Kentucky Education Cabinet. N.D. Learning Disabilities. Kentucky.gov. Retrieved February 4, 2008 from http://ada.ky.gov/learning_dis_def.htm.